Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Regimen for the Treatment of Active Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Adults

Abstract

Introduction: The treatment of active ocular toxoplasmosis is decisive for preventing severe visual complications. Early interventions protect vision, avoid permanent sequelae, and thus improve the quality of life of those affected. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of active ocular toxoplasmosis in adults. Method: An experimental study was conducted at the Ophthalmological Center of the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey, during the period between January 2019 and January 2024. The universe consisted of 135 patients diagnosed with active ocular toxoplasmosis, while the sample was made up of 53 who met the eligibility criteria. They were divided into two groups: one treated with the study therapy (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and prednisolone), and the other corresponding to the classic therapy group, which received pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine and prednisolone. Results: There was a predominance of patients between 19 and 39 years old (68%); similarly, the majority presented with no final vitritis (75.5%) and improvement in final visual acuity (94.3%). More than half responded to treatment between 4–8 weeks (62.2%), while a large part had a good response (92.3%) and recurrences were scarce (11.5%). Conclusions: The effectiveness of the study therapeutic regimen was determined, as both groups behaved similarly regarding good response and recurrences. For its part, the study therapy caused fewer adverse events, justified by a statistically significant difference.