Liderança com enfoque no futuro, compartilhada e de serviço para a transformação nacional e a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar da população
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Introdução: artigo desenvolve o primeiro pilar da estratégia tripartite descrita na publicação “Uma visão presidencial para a Guatemala sustentada nos determinantes sociais da saúde”. Aborda a necessidade de uma transformação política e social, fundamentada em uma nova governança e liderança renovada. Objetivos: Analisar os fatores que limitam o desenvolvimento sustentável na área da saúde e propor um tipo de liderança capaz de gerar transformações multidimensionais que impactem positivamente o sistema de saúde e a equidade social. Métodos: Foi utilizado um desenho qualitativo de análise e síntese conceitual, com abordagem indutivo-dedutiva e histórico-ecológica, para identificar padrões estruturais e sistêmicos de liderança, aplicar marcos globais, construir um modelo contextualizado e gerar um marco operacional de governança em saúde e no âmbito nacional. Resultados: Como ponto de partida e condição fundamental para melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar da população, propõe-se uma liderança com enfoque futurista, compartilhada e voltada ao serviço, com visão de longo prazo, colaboração coletiva e multissetorial, bem comum e justiça social. Essa liderança se integra como um dos quatro novos componentes interdependentes da liderança transformacional: liderança visionária e gestão administrativa; equilíbrio entre liderança filtrada e não filtrada; pessoal como política pública; e liderança futurista, compartilhada e de serviço. Conclusões: Para melhorar a saúde pública e enfrentar ciclos persistentes de corrupção, ineficiência e desigualdade, é necessário um novo paradigma de liderança: ética, visionária, não filtrada, coletiva, participativa e orientada ao serviço. Sem esse tipo de liderança, será difícil alcançar reformas sustentáveis que melhorem a saúde e o bem-estar da população.
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